Bom Paper

STUDENT IDENTIFICATION NO MULTIMEDIA UNIVERSITY SECOND TRIMESTER FINAL EXAMINATION, 2009/2010 SESSION BOM 2O64 – QUALITY AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT (All Sections / Groups) DECEMBER 2009 a. m. – a. m. (2 Hours) INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENT 1. This Question paper consists of 9 pages with TWO SECTIONS. 2. Attempt ALL questions in Section A and B. The marks for each question are given. 3. Answer Section A in the OMR Form provided, and answer Section B in the Answer Booklet provided. BOM 2064 QUALITY AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT DECEMBER 2009 SECTION A Answer ALL questions in this section. 40 Marks) 1. Manufacturing work sent to other countries is called: __________________. A) downsized B) outsourced C) internationalization D) vertical integration E) entrepreneurial ship 2. Production systems with customized outputs typically have relatively: ____________. A) high volumes of output B) low unit costs C) high amount of specialized equipment D) fast work movement E) skilled workers 3. Which of the following is not emphasized in a lean production system? A) falling prices B) high quality C) worker involvement D) continual improvement E) customer satisfaction 4.Which of the following is not a benefit of using models in decision making? A) They provide a standardized format for analyzing a problem. B) They serve as a consistent tool for evaluation. C) They are easy to use and less expensive than dealing with the actual situation. D) All of the above are benefits. E) None of the above is a benefit. 5. Which of the following is not an ongoing trend in manufacturing competition? A) globalization B) quality improvement C) flexibility and agility D) mass production for economies of scale E) technological advances . Product design and choice of location are examples of ______________ decisions. A) strategic B) tactical C) operational D) customer focused E) design Continued†¦ TPK page 1 of 9 BOM 2064 QUALITY AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT DECEMBER 2009 7. A productivity in crease in one operation that doesn’t improve overall productivity of the business isn’t:__________________. A) effective B) efficient C) politically justified D) productive E) financially justified 8. Which of the following is true? A) Corporate strategy is shaped by functional strategies.B) Corporate mission is shaped by corporate strategy. C) Functional strategies are shaped by corporate strategy. D) External conditions are shaped by corporate mission. E) Corporate mission is shaped by functional strategies. 9. The external elements of SWOT analysis are: ___________________. A) strengths and weaknesses B) strengths and threats C) opportunities and threats D) weaknesses and opportunities E) strengths and opportunities 10. For an organization to grow their market share, they must: _______________.A) advertise using multi-media B) lower their prices C) meet minimum standards of acceptability for their products or services D) establish an internet website E) broaden thei r mission statement 11. A disadvantage of global teams for product design is that:_______________. A) Customers may have different needs in different countries B) The product designed may have increased marketability and utility C) The diversity of an international team may be a detriment D) Ease of face to face meetings is absent since members are located everywhere E) Technology allows constant contact with team members 12. One step that isn’t part of service lueprinting is: _______________. A) Eliminate boundaries for the service and decide on the level of interaction needed B) Identify and determine the sequence of customer and service actions and interactions C) Develop time estimates for each phase of the process D) Understand the time variability involved E) Identify potential failure points and develop a plan to minimize them Continued†¦ TPK page 2 of 9 BOM 2064 QUALITY AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT DECEMBER 2009 13. The process of dismantling and inspecting a compet itor's new or revised product for the purpose of gleaning design ideas is called: ____________________.A) design by imitation B) product analysis C) reverse engineering D) benchmarking E) disassembly 14. Which of the following is an issue that designers must take into account in product and service design? A) legal, environmental, and ethical issues B) reliability C) standardization D) range of operating conditions E) all of the above 15. A formal way to document customer requirements is: __________________. A) consumer surveys B) quality function deployment (QFD) C) focus groups D) Delphi technique E) sales/marketing matrix 16. Which of the following is not a goal of supply chain management?A) fewer suppliers and long-term relationship B) small lot sizes C) on time deliveries D) lowest possible transportation costs E) delivery often to the place of use 17. Vendor analysis has the greatest potential for savings for items which have: ____________________. A) low cost per unit B) low annual cost-volume C) high cost per unit D) high annual usage E) high annual cost-volume Continued†¦ TPK page 3 of 9 BOM 2064 QUALITY AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT DECEMBER 2009 18. Which of the following is not true of vendor analysis? A) It involves an examination of the function of purchased parts or raw materials.B) Its purpose is to reduce costs and/or improve performance of purchased goods or services. C) It is usually performed only periodically. D) Representatives from design and operations may work with purchasing. E) If improvements are identified, purchasing implements those that purchasing agrees are justified. 19. Which of the following would not usually be a main factor in selecting a vendor? A) location B) price C) quality D) inventory turnover E) vendor services 20. Which of the following is part of the purchasing cycle? (I) Purchasing selects a supplier. II) Orders from vendors are received. (III) Purchasing receives a requisition. A) B) C) D) E) II and III I, II, and III I only I and II I and III 21. An operations strategy for inventory management should work towards: _________. A) increasing lot sizes B) decreasing lot sizes C) increasing safety stocks D) decreasing service levels E) increasing order quantities 22. Which one of the following is not generally a determinant of the reorder point? A) rate of demand B) length of lead time C) lead time variability D) stockout risk E) purchase costContinued†¦ TPK page 4 of 9 BOM 2064 QUALITY AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT DECEMBER 2009 23. The fixed order interval model would be most likely to be used for this situation: A) A company has switched from mass production to lean production. B) Production is done in batches. C) Spare parts are ordered when a new machine is purchased. D) Grouping orders can save shipping costs. E) none of these 24. All of the following are possible reasons for using the fixed order interval model except: ___________________. A) Supplier policy encourages use.B) Grouping orders can save in shipping costs. C) The required safety stock is lower than with an EOQ/ROP model. D) It is suited to periodic checks of inventory levels rather than continuous monitoring. E) Continuous monitoring is not practical. 25. The need for safety stocks can be reduced by an operations strategy which: A) increases lead time B) increases lead time variability C) increases lot sizes D) decreases ordering costs E) decreases lead time variability 26. The comprehensive approach used in JIT systems to deal with quality includes: ________________.A) designing quality into products and processes B) insisting vendors provide high quality materials C) making workers responsible for producing high quality D) A, B and C E) 100% inspection of raw materials, work-in-process and finished goods 27. Which of the following is not a benefit of small lot sizes in JIT systems? A) In-process inventory is considerably less. B) Each product is produced less frequently. C) Carrying costs are redu ced. D) There is less clutter in the workplace. E) Inspection and rework costs are less. Continued†¦ TPK page 5 of 9 BOM 2064 QUALITY AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT DECEMBER 2009 28.Which of the following is not characteristic of preventive maintenance in JIT systems? A) maintaining equipment in good operating condition B) replacing parts when they are worn but before they fail C) workers maintaining their own equipment D) eliminating supplies of spare parts to reduce capital investment E) perceiving breakdowns as an opportunity for improvement 29. The Kaizen Philosophy applies to: _______________. A) Employee development B) Safety stock C) Waste D) Supply Chain Management E) MRP III 30. An operations strategy toward the JIT philosophy of production should recognize that JIT: __________________.A) is most suited for non-repetitive manufacturing B) cannot be implemented sequentially C) requires a wholesale commitment from the outset D) may provide a competitive advantage E) all of th e above SECTION B Essay and Calculation Questions: Answer ALL THREE questions. (60 Marks) QUESTION 1 The general manager of a building materials production plant feels that the demand for plasterboard shipments may be related to the number of construction permits issued in the country during the previous quarter. The manager has collected the data shown in Table 1. 1. a) Review the scatter diagram (Figure 1. ) to see whether the data can be satisfactorily described by a linear equation. b) Determine the linear regression equation for the data [2 marks] [15 marks] c) Determine a point estimate for plasterboard shipments when the number of construction permits is 30. [3 marks] [Total Marks = 20] Continued†¦ TPK page 6 of 9 BOM 2064 QUALITY AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT DECEMBER 2009 Table 1. 1 Construction Permits (X) 15 9 40 20 25 25 15 35 Plasterboard Shipments (Y) Shipments Y 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Permits X 6 4 16 6 13 9 10 16 igure 1. 1 QUESTION 2 a) What are the principles underlying TQM? 10 marks] b) Discuss the long-run effects of quality improvement on a firm's profitability. [10 marks] [Total marks = 20] QUESTION 3 The Goliaq Tool Company produces slip – ring bearings, which look like flat doughnuts or washers. They fit around shafts or rods, such as drive shafts in machinery or motors. At an early stage in the production process for a particular slip – ring bearing, the outside diameter of the bearing is measured. The company has taken 10 samples (during a 10 – day period) of 5 slip – ring bearings (i. e. , n = 5) and measured the diameter of the bearing.The individual observations from each sample are shown as follows: TPK page 7 of 9 BOM 2064 QUALITY AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT DECEMBER 2009 Continued†¦ Sample k 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 5. 02 5. 01 4. 99 5. 03 4. 95 4. 97 5. 05 5. 09 5. 14 5. 01 Observations (Slip – Ring Diameter, cm) 2 3 4 5. 01 4. 94 4. 99 5. 03 5. 07 4. 95 5. 00 4. 93 4. 92 4. 91 5. 01 4. 98 4. 92 5. 03 5. 05 5. 06 5. 06 4. 96 5. 01 5. 10 4. 96 5. 10 5. 00 4. 99 5. 10 4. 99 5. 08 4. 98 5. 08 5. 07 5 4. 96 4. 96 4. 99 4. 89 5. 01 5. 03 4. 99 5. 08 5. 09 4. 99 [6 marks] [10 marks] [4 marks] a) Determine all sample means and the mean of all sample means. ) Calculate upper and lower control limits. c) Is this process in control? [Total marks = 20] Relevant Equations 1) CL = X UCL, LCL (X – bar) = X ? A2 R UCL ( R) = D4 R LCL ( R) = D3 R Table for X – bar & R Charts No of Observation In sub group n 2 3 4 5 6 2) UCL ? = c + 3v c LCL ? = c – 3v c Continued†¦ TPK page 8 of 9 A2 1. 88 1. 02 0. 73 0. 58 0. 48 D3 0 0 0 0 0 D4 3. 27 2. 57 2. 28 2. 11 2 BOM 2064 QUALITY AND OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT DECEMBER 2009 3) p = Total No of Defective from All Samples/ (No of Samples X Sample Size) Sp = v [ p (1 – p )/n] CL = p LCL = p – 3 Sp UCL = p + 3 Sp ) Capacity Utilization = Capacity Used / Best Operating Level 5) r ? n ? XY ? X ? Y ? ?n ? X 2 ? X ? 2 ? ?n ? Y 2 ? Y ? 2 ? ? ? ? ? a ? Y ? bX b= ? XY ? n X Y ? X 2 ? nX 2 6) Exponential smoothing Forecast for the month t: Ft = Ft – 1 + ? (At – 1 – Ft – 1) 7) Exponential smoothing with trend adjustment Forecast for the month t: Ft = ? (At – 1) + (1 – ? )(Ft – 1 + Tt – 1) Trend for the month t: Tt = ? (Ft – Ft – 1) + (1 – ? )Tt – 1 FIT = Ft + Tt 8) Inventory Management: EOQ = Q * ? 2 DS H 2 DS H p p ? u TC ? Q D H? S 2 Q EPQ = Q0 ? I max ? Q ( p ? u) P TC= I m ax D H? S 2 Q End of Page TPK page 9 of 9

The Secret Life of Frogs (Poetry by Gwen Harwood)

‘The Secret Life of Frogs’ is a poem that delves into the childhood perception of war, in particular World War I, and the experiences of their fathers. ‘The Secret Life of Frogs’ deals with the idea of misunderstandings incurred when children attempt to understand adult concepts. This is evident through the use of punning. The term ‘Frog’, which is frequently used throughout the poem adds amusement to the text because to the readers, it not only translates literally to a frog, but also represents the rival French people in the war through a negative light. However, the narrator, who is also one of the children in the poem, does not understand this other meaning attached to the term ‘frog’. This can clearly be seen in the final sentence when the narrator believes in protecting the amphibians, but does not distinguish the term ‘Frogs’ to also represent the French people. The use of allusion, reference to World War I in the poem, emphasizes the idea that children in their innocence, particularly children during the war, can misinterpret what adults talk about. Evident in the line ‘some syllables we used as charms†¦Gallipoli’, where the children have heard of these words and the negative connotations attached, however they do not know of the magnitude of the events that are associated with the words. Throughout ‘The Secret Life of Frogs’ themes that are expressed include childhood innocence and the negative influence of war on children. The theme of the innocence of children is clearly conveyed through the use of the parenthesis, ‘(we thought a brothel was a French hotel that served hot broth to diggers)’. This technique is used to enclose a thought that the children had in their childhood, and helps to further emphasize the idea that they misunderstood the adult concept of brothels. The parenthesis also helps to change the tone of the poem as it cuts the seriousness of the stanza through their misinterpretation of the word brothel. This highlights the idea that the children did not understand the insinuations of the word. The notion that the war had a negative impact on children is discussed throughout stanza 3. The use of the metaphor ‘Dad the Impaler’, accentuates the idea that children saw this term in a very positive manner when in actual fact it has negative connotations. This highlights the brutality of war, and the negative influence of war on children because the children in the poem used ‘Dad the Impaler’ in a heroic manner. The use of simile in the last stanza ‘matchstick hands as pale as the violet stems they lived among’ is used to compare a frog to violet flowers, which are very delicate and easily broken. The innocence of childhood is painted through this visual technique as the narrator only sees the frogs being very delicate, but to the readers the simile also creates a vivid image of the condition of the ‘Frogs’/ the French. The use of first person helps to create a reminiscent tone about the narrator’s experiences, and further helps to stress the ideas of childhood innocence and the influence of war on children because the poem is written from a child’s perspective. The use of enjambment generates a conversational and personal tone, emphasizing to the readers the reality of the themes discussed throughout the poem. The use of symbolism of frogs as pets and also representing the French highlights the idea that adults saw ‘Frogs’ as insignificant or unworthy to speak about, whereas the children could not understand this adult thought, and they placed exemplary regard to the wellbeing of the frogs.

Psychology 23 questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology 23 questions - Essay Example People might develop learned helplessness when too many things have been out of their control in their lives. People with learned helplessness believe that because they couldnt solve past problems they wont be able to solve future ones. They are often depressed. Type A people feel like they are under pressure, are impatient and competitive. They yell at people and get angry easily. Type B people are calm and non-aggressive and easier to get along with because they are more cooperative. When patients dont follow the doctors orders it is called noncompliance. Patients can be noncompliant for many reasons, such as not understanding instructions, not having enough money for treatment, fear or even not trusting the doctor. Negatively framed ads use methods like focusing on the harmful aspects of certain foods, or use shaming tactics to get people to choose certain products. They might show someone as looking stupid for eating a certain type of food, for example. Positive framing tries to persuade people by focusing on the benefits of certain products and behaviors. Negative: There were some lite beer commercials that showed men who drink lite beer as being feminine. One man carried a purse and the other wore a skirt. This meant they were weak. This would work amongst young males because they are usually more worried about their image than older men are. Positive: most cruise commercials show sunny skies, happy people, and relaxing things to do. By not focusing on negative things people are escaping from, the ads make people associate the cruise with fun and adventure. Factors associated with happiness include optimism, time for both work and play, a sense of control over ones life, self-esteem, close relationships, spirituality. Happiness improves overall quality of life by helping one to handle stress and to avoid depression or feelings of

Unfair Terms in a Contract Act 1977 and Regulations Essay

Unfair Terms in a Contract Act 1977 and Regulations - Essay Example The protection has been increased by the Unfair Terms in a Consumer Contract Regulations 1999 (UTCCR). These regulations have strengthened the net of consumer protection by incorporating unfair terms. The essay will provide a brief over the look of the two pieces of legislation and go into detail of the protection that they both provide. It will then explain the need for the double requirement and finally, conclude with the proposal for the future. The introduction of UCTA introduced a significant addition to the mechanism for the governing of exemption clauses (Poole, 2008, 281). Provision for the controlling of exemption clauses was originally only through an implied term under the Supply of Goods (Implied Terms) Act 1973 (now s.55 Sale of Goods Act 1979). UCTA now incorporates more extensive controls to a wide array of contract varieties and allows the court for the first time to have a general and direct means of control over exemption clauses (Poole, 2008, 281). The main advanta ge of the act is the power to render exemption clauses either totally unenforceable or unenforceable unless shown to be reasonable. UTCCR have added to the powers of UCTA. The regulations provide that ‘unfair terms’ in a contract concluded between a ‘seller or supplier’ and a ‘consumer’ will not be binding on the consumer (Poole, 2008, 282). This means that the regulations will only be binding in the context of ‘consumer contracts’, but is not restrained by exemption clause but extends to unfair terms. A popular misconception is that UCTA applies to all exemption clauses, this is not the case. UCTA only applies to business liability, the liability covers breaches of obligations or duties arising from 1) things done or to be done by a person in the course of a business, or 2) from the occupation of premises used for the business purposes of the occupier (s.1(3) UCTA) (Koffman and Macdonald, 2007, 211).

Advanced Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Advanced Strategic Management - Essay Example Advanced Strategic Management Its strategic decisions in advancing its objectives are highlighted in its diverse business activities and business linkages that promote networking with other business entities. Thus, its decision to acquire Nest is integral part of its strategic initiative that is designed to give it an innovative edge in the market and generate strategic profit in the smart homes. Google works in an environment of intense competition where originality and differentiation are key issues to retain competitive leverage. Porter strongly asserts that firms can outdo others if they can establish a difference and exploit it for achieving their wider goals. Indeed, Google has been distinct in its customer centric policies, growth strategies and organizational culture that nurture creativity. Its state of the art research and development facility constantly strives to anticipate the changing preferences of its customers. They have made significant breakthrough in exploiting the vast potential of internet through their new products and services as well as diversifying business goals through business alliances and acquisitions. Acquisitions of Facebook, twitter, Motorola etc. have been important part of their strategic business decisions that have contributed to its leadership position in the market. The recent acquisition of Nest is seen as key part of its future planni ng and long term goals of penetrating new market of smart homes.

Marketing and Management Critical Assessment Research Paper

Marketing and Management Critical Assessment - Research Paper Example The paper has taken into consideration the history of the company along with its past situation and present situation. In analyzing the present situation, PESTEL, porters five force, its target market, posting, and branding strategies have been analyzed and it has reached into the conclusion that the brand has been performing well but still faces certain challenges such as global financial crises, environmental issues which need to be catered in order to sustain...n its sustainability and global pressure. Contents Executive Summary 2 4 Introduction 5 History 6 Present Analysis 8 Target market 8 Differentiation & Positioning 8 Micro Environment 9 SWOT Analysis 10 Macro Environment 11 PESTEL Analysis 11 Overall corporate/business/marketing strategy 12 The 4P’s 13 Life Cycle 14 Y Axis 15 X Axis 15 Brand strategies 15 Online presence 16 Relevance of Corporate and Social Responsibility 17 Future of the brand 18 Reference 19 Introduction In the recent years, the luxury industry has been facing increased pressure due to the rise in Euro currency against dollar which has resulted in the reduction of the global consumer expenditure (Riley, Lomax & Blunden, 2004, p. 40). Luxury can be defined as an indulgence on goods or services that are not essential for daily existence and is directly proportional to economic affluence. The marketers are trying to invent new terms in order to quantify the concept of luxury which in return has created confusion with regards to the term luxury. Luxury is not only trade or restricted to indulgence on cars or fashionable accessories but a very different way of understanding the needs of the customer and manages the business in an effective manner. The term luxury is often dealt with confusion as everyone tends to understand it but there are hardly people who can agree on the meaning of luxury. The concept of luxury is a relative group and not an absolute category. It can be said that with time span the concept and meaning of luxury keep on changing, a luxury today can become an essential item in future. A luxury what is it today will have an absolutely different meaning and value in the future (Kapferer & Bastien, 2009, p.39). The luxury industry is one of the global multi-billion sectors which comprises of brands which are of high relevance and are also among the most influential brands globally. Despite the fact that the luxury industry is among the largest sectors but the SBU of the luxury industry has been experiencing a slow growth rate. The reason behind this was that the brands were managed mainly through the traditional methods of business where decisions were taken through intuition and also on trial basis. Thus in the environment of global business, the luxury sector has been undergoing certain changes in the process of management. Changes such as valuation of brand assets, brand equity along with the need of e-business have been taken place in the luxury sector. Other factors which have also emerge d over the years include the expansion of luxury sector for the consumer market so to target a broader market; increasing competition from other brands; reinterpretation of the concept of luxury by the consumers and with the emerging new markets in the luxury sector such as India, China and Russia have opened up new outlook and opportunities for the fashion luxury sector.

Intrusion Prevention Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Intrusion Prevention - Essay Example When the term hacker came into existence and the way media portrayed a hacker’s image, many individuals who thought that the media’s definition of hacking is cool and trendy, started using their abilities in illegal ways. Later on when companies and individual started facing issues caused due to the hackers who were a part of the dark side of hacking, many individuals who were previously involved in illegal and unethical hacking started providing services as ethical hackers. Their task was to identify various security vulnerabilities that could be manipulated by illegal hackers and they even started providing solutions for these security concerns. This method of solving security issues have existed over a very long period of time, this method has ended up being one of the best ways to solve a user’s security issues but on the other hand users are even concerned about the legitimacy of such security providers. Body There are several advantages associated with hiri ng hackers for the protection of user’s system, these hackers might have previously indulged in activities recognized as unethical hacking, but today, they are using their expertise for legitimate purposes. A hacker is beneficial for securing computer systems because they have been a part of the hacking business and thus their expertise of hacking are much more advanced than those who haven’t been a part of the illegal hacking side. Individuals can learn the basic concepts and technicalities of hacking from various resources but they cannot develop their own techniques nor can they have experience of all the techniques available. Only a genuine hacker has these capabilities and he/she uses various techniques together or in isolation for hacking purposes. Hackers who are involved in the legitimate business of providing security through their hacking skills are recognized as White hat hackers; they keep themselves updated with day to day threats and treat this as their f ull time job (Teare, 2006, p.104). Thus they own the appropriate amount of skills, abilities, and knowledge required to conduct legal hacking. Hiring a hacker for security purposes can obviously have various negative consequences. Trust is a major factor that comes into scrutiny when a hacker is hired to secure a premise. This is similar to hiring a convicted burglar for the security of your own home. The most important aspect of any business is the customer and other stakeholders of the business. Attaching a negative element to a business such as hiring a convicted hacker for security purposes may ruin the image of the business and the concerns of the stakeholders are destined to increase. One of the major concerns of hiring a white hat hacker, who previously used to be a black hat hacker, is the issue of privacy of personal information of the customers and the suppliers (Wilhelm, 2010, p.15). If by mistake a company hires a black hat security consul

Interview Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Interview Paper - Essay Example It is indispensable that the interview would assist in understanding criminal justice systems and its discretion. I interviewed Joseph S. Campbell, assistant director of criminal investigations division at FBI head offices in Washington, DC. James Comey, the director of FBI, appointed Campbell to act as assistant director of criminal investigation division on May 15, 2014. Mr. Campbell currently works at the department and ensures all criminal investigations cases remains duly addressed within the unit. Joseph S. Campbell have worked within criminal justice system since august 1990. Campbell started his career at the FBI as a special field agent. As an FBI’s special agent, Campbell reported to Chicago field office and conducted investigations relating to public corruption, organized crime, white-collar crime, and drug issues. Campbell has worked within the criminal justice system as an FBI staff for approximately 24 years (FBI, 2014). Mr. Campbell has various responsibility as assistant director of FBI’s CID, a division with approximately 4,800 special field agents, 520 headquarter employees, and 300 intelligence analysts. Campbell oversees most of the divisions activities including conducting training programs for CID agents and managing various pertinent crises within the system. He ensures that the division remains relevant to mitigation of national security threats before they occur. In addition, to coordinating CID’s objectives and employee compliance, Campbell ensures elaborate and efficient management of investigative programs including public corruption, drug-related crime, and financial crime. He ensures that the entire CID system remains efficiently coordinated in conducting comprehensive investigation cases relating to violent crime or organized crime. In addition, Campbell provides directives for the aforementioned investigative programs and other

African American Population Essay Example for Free

African American Population Essay At the beginning of each decade in the United States a census is taken to determine the population (Gale, 2008). While the 2000 census states that the African American population makes up 13% of the American population. And predicts it will stay the same percentage until the year 2050. The African American population will reproduce and contribute to the world as other majority and minority groups. So why wouldnt this group grow as a population. African American Growth The African American population has been growing in America since they were involuntarily brought here. From 1492 to 1820 the African American population grew to 9. 5 million in the west alone (POPULATION, 2000). In 1900, there were 8. 8 million African Americans in the United States, representing 11. 6% of the total population. Between 1910 and 1930, the African American population percentage declined, reaching a low point in 1930 when the population was only 9. 7% of the United States population (Gale, 2008). Since 1930, the African American population has grown at a faster rate than national averages (POPULATION, 2000). Over four centuries the African American population has become less rural and concentrated than it was in the nineteenth century (POPULATION, 2000). African Americans do not have to endure slavery. The group has also gained the same rights as other minority and majority groups. The United States Department of Commerce The Department of Commerce expects growth in the Black population. The United States Department of Commerce expects the Black population to make up 16 percent on the American population, by the year 2050 (Black Collegian, 2002). The Department Economic and Statistic Administration will examine effect of the 2010 census and the black population. The Administration will concentrate on the finances of the Black population and any other new aspects to review. The census Bureau The 2000 census states that the African American population makes up 13 percent of the American population (U. S. Census Bureau, 2000). The census also predicts that the African American population will continue to make up only 13 percent in the year 2050 (Census, 2000). The Almanac suggests that African American are ranking lower than any other group in all categories. The almanac reference income gaps between African Americans and other races. The Black, American Indian and Alaskan Native, and Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander populations are expected to maintain their shares of the population in all series (U. S. Census Bureau, 2008 and 2009). A population that is having children and playing a major to the world as all other populations cannot stay the same for a period of 50 years. The encyclopedia of population stated that African American population growth increases much faster than statistics assume. The Department of Commerce predicts the African American population will rise to 16 percent in the year 2050. While the Census Bureau predicts that there will be no increase in the African American population in the year 2050 with out giving details of why this prediction is accurate. African American have endured a great struggle in America. They have over came many obstacles and they will overcome this one also. References POPULATION. (2000). In Encyclopedia of the United States in the Nineteenth Century. Retrieved from http://www. credoreference. com/entry/galeus/populationSmith, M. (2001). Ed. ). (1993). Black Collegian. [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-Text]. : . Retrieved March 31, 2010Year, from com220. Encyclopedia of population (Ed. ). (2003). African American population History. [University of Phoenix Custom Edition e-Text]. : . Retrieved March 26, 2010Year, from com220. Boyle, K. (2010). The Promise land: The making of African America. Retrived from New York Times book review. Table 1 Type the table text here in italics; start a new page for each table [Insert table here] Figure Captions Figure 1. Caption of figure [Figures – note that this page does not have the manuscript header and page number].

High School and Students Essay Example for Free

High School and Students Essay Introduction The continuous deterioration of the quality of education in the Philippines has prompted the DepEd to push for the implementation of the K to 12 programs, which entails the institutionalization of kindergarten and the addition of two more years of high school in the basic education cycle. The proposal has spurred a heated debate on whether it could lead to improvements or just exacerbate thn e present state of education in the country. The Enhanced K+12 Basic Education Program in the Philippines has been officially started. It has been initiated by the Aquino administration where students will have to undergo a new system of education. This program will require all incoming students to enroll into two more years of basic education. Thus, the K+12 System will basically include the Universal kindergarten, 6 years of elementary, 4 years of junior high school with an additional 2 years for senior high school. Moreover, the program aims to uplift the quality of education in the Philippines in order for graduates to be easily employed. The program also aims to meet the standards required for professionals who would want to work abroad. Most importantly, the system aims to fully enhance and develop the students in order for them to be well-prepared especially in emotional and cognitive aspects. Through this, graduates will be able to face the pressures of their future workplace. However, not all are in favor of the K+12 Education. There are students complaining of the additional years and there are parents who are not in favor of the additional expenses. But indeed, it is an undeniable fact that additional years in the education system will really require more budgets not just from the government but from the parents as well. Aside from this, students will need additional classrooms, school supplies and facilities. The program would need more qualified teachers as well. The researchers believe that the K+12 Education in the Philippines would uplift the quality of lifestyle of the Filipino people. But, this could not be done without being prepared. And since the program has already been implemented, what is  more important now is for students to do their best and study despite of the lack of facilities. The Philippine educational system pursues the achievement of excellent undergraduates in the elementary and secondary level. Implementation of UbD is one of the proposals that undertook in the country recently. At present, the Department of Education pronounces the addition of two more years in the basic education of students, which according to them will benefit not only the Filipino youth but all the Filipinos in the Philippines. This proposal is part of P-noys Educational Reform Program. The administration asserts that with the implementation of such program, the problem of unemployment in the country will be resolved. In as much as employment in the Philippines is concerned, the K12 education also responds to the fact that most countries in the world already have the same plan in their educational institutions. With this, the standards of these countries go a notch higher than what the country has, thus, creating an expansion in the global competency. What can be really said about this plan? While the reaction of the public is divided, where some are in favor and some are not, here are several issues that point out to the aggression of opposing groups especially the parents to this program. One of the main problems in the Philippines which the government needs to resolve is the lack of school and classrooms in the different parts of the country. It is important that students stay in a place that is conducive for study while they are away from home. In addition, with teachers go abroad to teach, or do another job, there is already a shortage of educators in schools that mold the minds of learners. And this deficiency has become a problem for the country in the past several years. Finally, there is a need for students to utilize the appropriate instructional materials and school equipment for them to learn and gain the necessary knowledge in school. This lack of accessibility in books and other school supplies clearly manifest the scarcity in the public schools in the country. There is nothing wrong in aiming the other fraction of a horizon, and that is what the government attempts to accomplish. It is in fact an indication that to aspire for something higher, one must carry out certain actions to achieve the goal. However, the administration also ought to realize and clearly understand what the educational system in the Philippines needs to develop primarily. The mentioned issues above are only a few elements that entailed to be resolved. At some point, the Philippines cannot go ahead unless the concerns are faced and the difficulties are completely solved. There are a lot to be done to improve the competency of the youth. The government does not need to gaze from afar. ? Conceptual Framework The framework of this as can be viewed below was anchored on the dependent variable, student’s perception on the K+12 policy as the independent variable. Research Paradigm Fig. 1 Dependent Variable Independent Variable Statement of the Problem Major Problem: 1. What is the perception of the STMA high school students on K12? Minor Problems: 1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of K12? 2. Does the student agree on the K12 policy? ? Hypothesis This study assumed the following: 1. That students have different definition about the K12 policy. 2. That students believe that K12 is a waste of time. 3. Most students will not finish high school. Scope and Delimitations The target respondents of the study are the high school students of the current academic year (2011-2012) randomly selected across all year level. It is limits itself on the perceptions of the students on the said topic and their preconceived notion. Significance of the Study. This study is about the perception on K12 policy among parents and high school students of St. Thomas More Academy academic year 2011-2012. The persons that would benefit from the study are the following: Students A better understanding on K12 policy would benefit the students on increasing their knowledge. Teachers The finding of this study may likewise motivate and challenge them to guide their students on matters regarding K12 policy related issues considering the philosophy of loco parentis or the second parents; teachers will be able to explain things. Parents will be enlightened on how best to explain to their children matters pertaining to K12 policy. ? Definition of terms The following special terms has been sued to suit this study: Deteriorate To make or become worse in character, quality, etc. Exacerbate To increase the severity, bitterness, or violence of; aggravate. PerceptionPoint of view; Opinion Promptto obey ENDNOTES Websites: www. wikipedia. com www. wiki-answers. com http://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_are_the_advantages_in_having_k_plus_12? CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ? CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE. In preparing this study the researchers seriously looked for different books, newspapers articles and other media as point of reference. There are numerous sources that the researchers found especially on the internet related to these. The researchers carefully examined the following related literature; If the K-12 Education Plan becomes successful, then the Philippine education system can become more competitive among other countries around the world. Though there are still some problems that the government needs to solve before they can successfully implement the plan. The proposed program is good but it still wont work if the needed elements to make it work aren’t present. Such element includes the number of public school classrooms plus the adequate supply of classroom chairs, books, etc. If the government could allot a bigger budget to educational needs, then we could be one-step ahead towards the success of the K-12 program. Furthermore, parents (especially those who belong in the poor sector) should be properly informed and motivated of the advantages of the K-12 Education Plan. This is very important since parents play a major role in providing the childs school allowances, supplies, and fees for other school projects and activities. Add to that the support of parents towards their children in terms of guidance and teaching. The DepEd seems all set to add two more years to the country’s 10 year basic education curriculum. This is a very tough issue to crack. We think it is a clash between reality and the ideal. A question unanswered – is this for the common good? The truth is there are already many problems at the current 10-year curriculum and it has nothing to do with number of years. To enumerate a few – there are not enough qualified teachers to teach all the students; that is made worst with just too many students; there are not enough classrooms and schools to comfortably fit all the students (not to mention not enough bathrooms and water supply); there are not enough books; add the problem of poor quality books, on top of that there are not enough facilities and finally very high dropout rates. The latter, high dropout rates are being caused by something out of the education system but affects large part of the population – poverty. There are just so many poor families and they are so poor that many of them cannot afford to pay for the already meager amount needed for the education of their children. Grade school and high school are free in public schools with parents needing to just spend on uniforms, fare and some expenses. The tuition which normally accounts for a very large share of the total expenses are free and yet most poor families can still not afford of what is left for them to spend. It is not that the expenses are high, it’s just their income is very, very low. It is this inability to afford the other expenses that has caused a very high dropout rate among students. This plan of the DepEd to add two more years will of course not solve any of the above problems. In fact, it will only extend all those problems by two more years. A longer basic education will also mean even higher dropout rates. Then there is the problem of additional expenses for the government. As of now, with the 10 year curriculum, there is already desperate lack of classrooms and schools. The public schools cannot turn the student’s away when they show up to enroll. To cope many public schools have crammed as many students as they can inside the classroom with classrooms crammed with chairs from wall to wall. Not enough, the schools conduct classes in at least shifts, in some instances classes held very early in the morning till late in the evening. With two additional years, the schools will definitely need to construct new buildings and classrooms or God forbid conduct classes 24/7. The above is the reality part. On the government side, in the discussion paper it disseminated during its press conference last Oct. 5, the Department of Education (DepEd) has given at least nine reasons for the K+12 project: 1. â€Å"Enhancing the quality of basic education in the Philippines is urgent and critical. † 2. â€Å"The poor quality of basic education is reflected in the low achievement scores of Filipino students. One reason is that students do not get adequate instructional time or time on task. † 3. International test results consistently show Filipino students lagging way behind practically everybody else in the world. In the 2008 mathematics exam, for example, we came in dead last. 4. â€Å"The congested curriculum partly explains the present state of education. † Twelve years of content are crammed into ten years. 5. â€Å"This quality of education is reflected in the inadequate preparation of high school graduates for the world of work or entrepreneurship or higher education. † If ten years were adequate, how come employers do not hire fresh high school graduates? How come most high school graduates flunk the UPCAT? 6. â€Å"Most graduates are too young to enter the labor force. † Since most children start Grade 1 when they are 6 years old, they do not reach the legal employable age of 18 when they graduate from high school today. 7. â€Å"The current system also reinforces the misperception that basic education is just a preparatory step for higher education. † Why prioritize the minority of high school graduates that go to college? 8. â€Å"The short duration of the basic education program also puts the millions of overseas Filipino workers (OFWs), especially the professionals, and those who intend to study abroad, at a disadvantage. Our graduates are not automatically recognized as professionals abroad. † The best examples are our engineering graduates, who are condemned to international jobs not befitting their professional status due to our not having a 12-year basic education cycle. 9. â€Å"The short basic education program affects the human development of the Filipino children. † If we believe that 17-year-old high school graduates are emotionally, psychologically, and intellectually mature, why do we require them to get parental consent before they get married? On the other hand, those opposing the plan put forward the following arguments: 1. Parents have to shell out more money (for transportation and food) for the education of their children. 2. The government does not have the money to pay for two more years of free education, since it does not even have the money to fully support today’s ten years. DepEd must first solve the lack of classrooms, furniture and equipment, qualified teachers, and error-free textbooks. 3. We can do in ten years what everyone else in the world takes 12 years to do. Why do we have to follow what the rest of the world is doing? We are better than all of them. Filipinos right now are accepted in prestigious graduate schools in the world, even with only ten years of basic education. 4. As far as the curriculum is concerned, DepEd should fix the current subjects instead of adding new ones. The problem is the content, not the length, of basic education. As an editorial put it, we need to have better education, not more education. 5. A high school diploma will not get anybody anywhere, because business firms will not hire fresh high school graduates. 6. Every family dreams of having a child graduate from college. 7. While students are stuck in Grades 11 and 12, colleges and universities will have no freshmen for two years. This will spell financial disaster for many private Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). 8. The drop-out rate will increase because of the two extra years. ? . CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY ? Chapter III Methodology This chapter deals with the methodology of the studies. This is presented on the following sections: (a) Research design (b) Sampling Technique (c) Instrumentation (d) Data-gathering procedure and (e) Statistical treatment of data. Research Method The descriptive survey method was man used in this research. The descriptive method is concerned with the analysis of the relationship between non-manipulated variable employing the use of the development of generalization. This means that variable have already occurred and are just selected and observed Fraenkel and Wallen (1998) also define the descriptive research as involving collection of data in order to test hypothesis and answer questions concerning the current status of the subject of the study. Since the study deals with perceptions of parents and high school students on K12 policy of the Philippine government academic year 2011-2012, the descriptive survey method was deemed appropriate to be used. [[[[ Sampling Technique The population of the study involved a total number if 496 respondents randomly selected representing at least more than half of the school’s population irrespective of the age, year, selection and gender. Research Instrument The researchers devised a self-made questionnaire designed to obtain information related on the objective of the study. It consisted of the following parts: Part I – This part of the questionnaire dealt with personal information regarding the respondents (name and section). Part II – This part of the questionnaire was intended to ask the respondent’s definition about K+12. Part III – This part of the questionnaire was intended to ask the respondent’s idea about the advantages and disadvantages of K12. Part IV- This part of the questionnaire was intended to ask the respondent’s opinion about the benefits of K+12. Data Gathering Procedures. The following data gathering procedures guided the researchers Phase 1 – a copy of the questionnaire was presented to the thesis adviser. The researchers asked for his comments and suggestions; Phase 2 – the researchers presented the edited questionnaire and asked for further assistance from parents. It was then presented for approval to the school principal who gave valuable insight and ideas on how best the data can be gathered. Phase 3 – the researchers conducted data gathering procedures during first week of February. The figure below is the flowchart of the Data Gathering Procedures done by the researchers. Fig. 2 Statistical Treatment of Data For analyzing the data, the researchers will be use of the following statistical tools: Percentage This refers to the number of parts per one hundred. It is a statistical tool used to express how large one quantity is, relative to another quantity. To get the total percentage of specific number and total number respondents in the questionnaire the formula is: % = F/N * 100 Where N=370 Unless otherwise stated the above formula will be used except for multiresponse questions or for gender based questions. ? Presentation and Data Analysis Table 1 1. How do you define K12? This table is a multi-response item which showed that majority of respondents surveyed that they defined K12 as an added two years in high school with 77. 57% followed by it is an academic program with 20. 54% and a government policy with 15. 41%. ? Table 2 2. What are the advantages of it? The preceding multiresponse table2 showed that majority of respondents surveyed said that the advantage of K12 policy is to gain more knowledge with 62. 97% followed by more chances to have work with 29. 19% and free OJT with 18. 65%. ? Table 3 3. What are the disadvantages of it? Multiresponse table 3 showed that more money to spend was the top disadvantage of K12 with 79. 19% followed by waste of time with 16. 22% and lack of leisure with 15. 41% as the final point of view. ? Table 4 4. Do you agree on K12 policy? More than half of the respondents said that they disagreed on the K12 policy with 67. 57% and the remaining 32. 43% of the respondents agreed. ? Table 5 5. Do you think you will be well educated if you graduated under the K12 system? Table 5 showed that the majority of the respondents agreed that they will be well educated if they graduated under the K12 policy with 70. 27% and the other respondents left disagreed with 29. 73%. ? Table 6 6. In K12 system, do you think it will be helpful to all students? The greater part of the respondents believed that K12 policy will be helpful to the students. ? CHAPTER IV SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ? CHAPTER IV Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations. Summary of Findings. This first table is a multiresponse item which showed that majority of respondents surveyed that they defined K12 as an added two years in high school with 77. 57% followed by it is an academic program with 20. 54% and a government policy with 15. 41%. The second table is also a multiresponse item which showed that majority of respondents surveyed said that the advantage of K12 policy is to gain more knowledge with 62. 97% followed by more chances to have work with 29. 19% and free OJT with 18. 65%. Multiresponse table 3 showed that more money to spend was the top disadvantage of K12 with 79. 19% followed by waste of time with 16. 22% and lack of leisure with 15. 41% as the final point of view. Table 4 illustrates that more than half of the respondents said that they disagreed on the K12 policy with 67. 57% and the remaining 32. 43% of the respondents agreed. With this, it showed that the most of the students doesn’t like to implement the K+12 policy due to their concern for their time and to their parent’s money.. Table 5 proved that the majority of the respondents agreed that they will be well educated if they graduated under the K12 policy with 70. 27% and the other respondents left disagreed with 29. 73%. In table 6, it shows that the greater part of the respondents believed that K12 policy will be helpful to the students. Conclusions It has proved that the respondents showed their different views or perceptions on the K-12 system of education in the Philippine government. The following conclusions have been drawn: 1. That students were all informed and yet educated what the K-12 system is about. 2. That disadvantages were showed by the majority of the students through the data gathered whereas it resulted the students not to agree on the said system. 3. That students will be well educated after finishing the K-12 system in their education. 4. And on the other side it will be a great help to the students to learn more and adequate information that will mold them into a better person. ? Recommendation It is with fervent wish of the researchers that the following recommendations be considered by the concerned; Students 1. Responsible is the key to the effectiveness of this program. 2. Should be responsible enough to fulfill the given task of their teachers. Teachers 1. Teachers should encourage their students to open up if they have their problems on their subjects. 2. Since teachers are willing to help the students be more cooperative and open-minded to develop their skills and studies. Schools 1. Schools should provide clean and green surroundings. 3. Monitor the students in having gangs/fraternities. 4. They should provide and recuperate their facilities. Parents 1. Parents should help their children in their problems. 2. Parents should encourage their children to keep not neglect their studies. ? St. Thomas More Academy Incorporated Molino III, Bacoor, Cavite Survey questionnaire Title: Perception of STMA High School Students on the K12 policy of the Philippine Government Name: Year and Section: 1. How do you define K12? a. added two years in high school b. academic program c. government policy 2. What are the advantages of it? a. free OJT b. more chances to have work c. gain more knowledge 3. What are the disadvantages of it? a. waste of time b. more money to spend c. lack of leisure 4. Do you agree on K12? a. no b. yes 5. Do you think you will be well educated if you graduated under the K12 system? a. yes b. no 6. In K12 system, do you think it will be helpful to all students? a. yes b. no. Title: Perception of STMA High School Students on the K12 policy of the Philippine Government Name: Year and Section: 1. How do you define K12? a. added two years in high school b. academic program c. government policy 2. What are the advantages of it? a. free OJT b. more chances to have work c. gain more knowledge 3. What are the disadvantages of it? a. waste of tim b. more money to spend c. lack of leisure 4. Do you agree on K12? a. no b. yes 5. Do you think you will be well educated if you graduated under the K12 system? a. yes b. no 6. In K12 system, do you think it will be helpful to all students? a. yes b. no.